Word list · 27 words · 114 picks since 2004
Words of the Year
A Word of the Year is a dictionary's pick for the word or phrase that best sums up the past twelve months. Oxford, Merriam-Webster, Collins, Cambridge and Dictionary.com each choose their own, so one year usually has several, and they often differ.
They are chosen in different ways. Dictionary.com picks a word that was high in its search trends, while Oxford opened its choice to a public vote for the first time in 2022. Below, each pick links to our full entry where we have one.
Kept on this device only, for the daily recall in My words.
Every Word of the Year, by year
Each publisher's own pick, linked to its announcement. Where we have a full entry, the word links to it.
| Year | Dictionary | Word of the Year | Announcement |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | American Dialect Society | slop | americandialect.org |
| Cambridge | parasocial | dictionary.cambridge.org | |
| Collins | vibe coding | blog.collinsdictionary.com | |
| Dictionary.com | 67 | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | slop | merriam-webster.com | |
| Oxford | rage bait | corp.oup.com | |
| 2024 | American Dialect Society | rawdog | americandialect.org |
| Cambridge | manifest | dictionary.cambridge.org | |
| Collins | brat | cbsnews.com | |
| Dictionary.com | demure | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | polarization | nbcnews.com | |
| Oxford | brain rot | corp.oup.com | |
| 2023 | American Dialect Society | enshittification | americandialect.org |
| Cambridge | hallucinate | dictionary.cambridge.org | |
| Collins | AI | timeout.com | |
| Dictionary.com | hallucinate | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | authentic | cbc.ca | |
| Oxford | rizz | corp.oup.com | |
| 2022 | American Dialect Society | -ussy | americandialect.org |
| Cambridge | homer | dictionary.cambridge.org | |
| Collins | permacrisis | blog.collinsdictionary.com | |
| Dictionary.com | woman | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | gaslighting | npr.org | |
| Oxford | goblin mode | languages.oup.com | |
| 2021 | American Dialect Society | insurrection | americandialect.org |
| Cambridge | perseverance | dictionary.cambridge.org | |
| Collins | NFT | blog.collinsdictionary.com | |
| Dictionary.com | allyship | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | vaccine | cnn.com | |
| Oxford | vax | languages.oup.com | |
| 2020 | American Dialect Society | Covid | americandialect.org |
| Cambridge | quarantine | timesofindia.indiatimes.com | |
| Collins | lockdown | blog.collinsdictionary.com | |
| Dictionary.com | pandemic | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | pandemic | abcnews.com | |
| Oxford | Words of an Unprecedented Year | corp.oup.com | |
| 2019 | American Dialect Society | (my) pronouns | americandialect.org |
| Cambridge | upcycling | dictionaryblog.cambridge.org | |
| Collins | climate strike | blog.collinsdictionary.com | |
| Dictionary.com | existential | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | they | time.com | |
| Oxford | climate emergency | languages.oup.com | |
| 2018 | American Dialect Society | tender-age shelter | americandialect.org |
| Cambridge | nomophobia | dictionaryblog.cambridge.org | |
| Collins | single-use | blog.collinsdictionary.com | |
| Dictionary.com | misinformation | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | justice | npr.org | |
| Oxford | toxic | edition.cnn.com | |
| 2017 | American Dialect Society | fake news | americandialect.org |
| Cambridge | populism | dictionaryblog.cambridge.org | |
| Collins | fake news | blog.collinsdictionary.com | |
| Dictionary.com | complicit | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | feminism | time.com | |
| Oxford | youthquake | theguardian.com | |
| 2016 | American Dialect Society | dumpster fire | americandialect.org |
| Cambridge | paranoid | dictionaryblog.cambridge.org | |
| Collins | Brexit | blog.collinsdictionary.com | |
| Dictionary.com | xenophobia | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | surreal | theguardian.com | |
| Oxford | post-truth | theguardian.com | |
| 2015 | American Dialect Society | they | americandialect.org |
| Cambridge | austerity | dictionaryblog.cambridge.org | |
| Collins | binge-watch | blog.collinsdictionary.com | |
| Dictionary.com | identity | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | -ism | npr.org | |
| Oxford | 😂 (Face with Tears of Joy emoji) | corp.oup.com | |
| 2014 | American Dialect Society | #blacklivesmatter | americandialect.org |
| Collins | photobomb | irishtimes.com | |
| Dictionary.com | exposure | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | culture | bostonmagazine.com | |
| Oxford | vape | web.archive.org | |
| 2013 | American Dialect Society | because | americandialect.org |
| Collins | geek | blog.collinsdictionary.com | |
| Dictionary.com | privacy | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | science | web.archive.org | |
| Oxford | selfie | bbc.co.uk | |
| 2012 | American Dialect Society | hashtag | americandialect.org |
| Dictionary.com | bluster | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | socialism | web.archive.org | |
| Merriam-Webster | capitalism | web.archive.org | |
| Oxford (UK) | omnishambles | bbc.co.uk | |
| Oxford (US) | GIF | web.archive.org | |
| 2011 | American Dialect Society | occupy | americandialect.org |
| Dictionary.com | tergiversate | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | pragmatic | web.archive.org | |
| Oxford | squeezed middle | web.archive.org | |
| 2010 | American Dialect Society | app | americandialect.org |
| Dictionary.com | change | dictionary.com | |
| Merriam-Webster | austerity | web.archive.org | |
| Oxford (UK) | big society | web.archive.org | |
| Oxford (US) | refudiate | web.archive.org | |
| 2009 | American Dialect Society | tweet | americandialect.org |
| Merriam-Webster | admonish | web.archive.org | |
| Oxford (UK) | simples | theguardian.com | |
| Oxford (US) | unfriend | theguardian.com | |
| 2008 | American Dialect Society | bailout | americandialect.org |
| Merriam-Webster | bailout | archive.boston.com | |
| Oxford (UK) | credit crunch | corp.oup.com | |
| Oxford (US) | hypermiling | web.archive.org | |
| 2007 | American Dialect Society | subprime | americandialect.org |
| Merriam-Webster | w00t | web.archive.org | |
| Oxford (UK) | carbon footprint | corp.oup.com | |
| Oxford (US) | locavore | web.archive.org | |
| 2006 | American Dialect Society | plutoed | americandialect.org |
| Merriam-Webster | truthiness | web.archive.org | |
| Oxford (UK) | bovvered | theguardian.com | |
| Oxford (US) | carbon-neutral | theguardian.com | |
| 2005 | American Dialect Society | truthiness | americandialect.org |
| Merriam-Webster | integrity | web.archive.org | |
| Oxford (UK) | sudoku | web.archive.org | |
| Oxford (US) | podcast | corp.oup.com | |
| 2004 | American Dialect Society | red state, blue state, purple state | americandialect.org |
| Merriam-Webster | blog | web.archive.org | |
| Oxford | chav | bbc.co.uk |
The words with full entries
67
67, said "six seven" and never "sixty-seven", is Gen Alpha slang with no fixed meaning.
Text & Internet Slang
AI Slop
Low-quality, low-effort generative-AI content — competent on the surface, cheap to make, produced in bulk, and pushed at people who never asked for it.
Internet & Digital Culture
Allyship
Allyship is the status or role of someone who advocates and actively works for the inclusion of a marginalised group without being a member of it, in solidarity with its struggle and point of view.
Head Words
Artificial Intelligence
Machines doing things that would count as intelligence if a person did them — and the branch of computer science that builds them.
Head Words
Brainrot
Low-quality, hyper-stimulating online content — and the mental dulling blamed on consuming too much of it.
Internet & Digital Culture
Brat
In its 2024 sense, brat describes someone with a confident, independent and hedonistic attitude: messy, a bit rebellious, and enjoying it.
Aesthetics & Cultural Movements
Enshittification
A platform decaying into something worse for everyone on it.
Internet & Digital Culture
Fake News
Fake news is false, often sensational, information spread under the guise of news reporting.
Internet & Digital Culture
Gaslighting
Gaslighting is psychological manipulation, usually over a long period, that leads someone to doubt their own memory, perception or judgement — and, in a newer and looser sense, any act of grossly…
Psychology & Relationship Dynamics
Goblin Mode
Behaving in a deliberately slovenly, self-indulgent, unapologetic way that rejects social expectations — especially the curated ones.
Internet & Digital Culture
Hallucinate
When an AI system hallucinates, it produces false information and presents it as fact: a made-up quotation, a citation to a paper that doesn't exist, a wrong date stated confidently.
Tech & AI
Laughing-Crying Emoji (Face with Tears of Joy)
😂 (official name: Face with Tears of Joy) is a grinning face crying with laughter.
Internet & Digital Culture
Manifest
To manifest, in its newest sense, is to use techniques such as visualisation and affirmations to imagine getting something you want, in the belief that this makes it more likely to happen.
Spirituality & Mysticism
Misinformation
Misinformation is false information that is spread, whether or not anyone means to mislead.
Internet & Digital Culture
NFT
An NFT, short for non-fungible token, is a unique digital record on a blockchain used to record ownership of an asset such as a digital artwork or collectible.
Tech & AI
Parasocial Relationship
A parasocial relationship is a one-sided bond with someone who doesn't know you exist — a celebrity, streamer, influencer, or fictional character you feel you *know*, even though the connection…
Internet & Digital Culture
Permacrisis
A permacrisis is an extended period of instability and insecurity: one crisis rolling into the next, so that emergency starts to feel normal.
Head Words
Perseverance
Perseverance is continued effort to do or achieve something, even when it is difficult or takes a long time.
Head Words
Post-truth
Post-truth describes circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.
Logical Fallacies & Rhetoric
Rage Bait
Content built to provoke anger rather than interest, because outrage produces more comments, shares and revenue than agreement does.
Internet & Digital Culture
Rizz
Rizz is slang for romantic charm or charisma — the ability to attract or flirt with someone.
Text & Internet Slang
Selfie
A selfie is a photograph you take of yourself, typically with a smartphone or webcam, and often share on social media.
Internet & Digital Culture
Singular They
Singular they is the use of they, them and their for one person.
Grammar & Commonly-Confused
Vibe Coding
Vibe coding is making software by describing what you want to an AI model in everyday language and letting it write the code.
Tech & AI