Word list · 27 words · 114 picks since 2004

Words of the Year

A Word of the Year is a dictionary's pick for the word or phrase that best sums up the past twelve months. Oxford, Merriam-Webster, Collins, Cambridge and Dictionary.com each choose their own, so one year usually has several, and they often differ.

They are chosen in different ways. Dictionary.com picks a word that was high in its search trends, while Oxford opened its choice to a public vote for the first time in 2022. Below, each pick links to our full entry where we have one.

Kept on this device only, for the daily recall in My words.

Every Word of the Year, by year

Each publisher's own pick, linked to its announcement. Where we have a full entry, the word links to it.

YearDictionaryWord of the YearAnnouncement
2025American Dialect Societyslopamericandialect.org
Cambridgeparasocialdictionary.cambridge.org
Collinsvibe codingblog.collinsdictionary.com
Dictionary.com67dictionary.com
Merriam-Websterslopmerriam-webster.com
Oxfordrage baitcorp.oup.com
2024American Dialect Societyrawdogamericandialect.org
Cambridgemanifestdictionary.cambridge.org
Collinsbratcbsnews.com
Dictionary.comdemuredictionary.com
Merriam-Websterpolarizationnbcnews.com
Oxfordbrain rotcorp.oup.com
2023American Dialect Societyenshittificationamericandialect.org
Cambridgehallucinatedictionary.cambridge.org
CollinsAItimeout.com
Dictionary.comhallucinatedictionary.com
Merriam-Websterauthenticcbc.ca
Oxfordrizzcorp.oup.com
2022American Dialect Society-ussyamericandialect.org
Cambridgehomerdictionary.cambridge.org
Collinspermacrisisblog.collinsdictionary.com
Dictionary.comwomandictionary.com
Merriam-Webstergaslightingnpr.org
Oxfordgoblin modelanguages.oup.com
2021American Dialect Societyinsurrectionamericandialect.org
Cambridgeperseverancedictionary.cambridge.org
CollinsNFTblog.collinsdictionary.com
Dictionary.comallyshipdictionary.com
Merriam-Webstervaccinecnn.com
Oxfordvaxlanguages.oup.com
2020American Dialect SocietyCovidamericandialect.org
Cambridgequarantinetimesofindia.indiatimes.com
Collinslockdownblog.collinsdictionary.com
Dictionary.compandemicdictionary.com
Merriam-Websterpandemicabcnews.com
OxfordWords of an Unprecedented Yearcorp.oup.com
2019American Dialect Society(my) pronounsamericandialect.org
Cambridgeupcyclingdictionaryblog.cambridge.org
Collinsclimate strikeblog.collinsdictionary.com
Dictionary.comexistentialdictionary.com
Merriam-Webstertheytime.com
Oxfordclimate emergencylanguages.oup.com
2018American Dialect Societytender-age shelteramericandialect.org
Cambridgenomophobiadictionaryblog.cambridge.org
Collinssingle-useblog.collinsdictionary.com
Dictionary.commisinformationdictionary.com
Merriam-Websterjusticenpr.org
Oxfordtoxicedition.cnn.com
2017American Dialect Societyfake newsamericandialect.org
Cambridgepopulismdictionaryblog.cambridge.org
Collinsfake newsblog.collinsdictionary.com
Dictionary.comcomplicitdictionary.com
Merriam-Websterfeminismtime.com
Oxfordyouthquaketheguardian.com
2016American Dialect Societydumpster fireamericandialect.org
Cambridgeparanoiddictionaryblog.cambridge.org
CollinsBrexitblog.collinsdictionary.com
Dictionary.comxenophobiadictionary.com
Merriam-Webstersurrealtheguardian.com
Oxfordpost-truththeguardian.com
2015American Dialect Societytheyamericandialect.org
Cambridgeausteritydictionaryblog.cambridge.org
Collinsbinge-watchblog.collinsdictionary.com
Dictionary.comidentitydictionary.com
Merriam-Webster-ismnpr.org
Oxford😂 (Face with Tears of Joy emoji)corp.oup.com
2014American Dialect Society#blacklivesmatteramericandialect.org
Collinsphotobombirishtimes.com
Dictionary.comexposuredictionary.com
Merriam-Websterculturebostonmagazine.com
Oxfordvapeweb.archive.org
2013American Dialect Societybecauseamericandialect.org
Collinsgeekblog.collinsdictionary.com
Dictionary.comprivacydictionary.com
Merriam-Websterscienceweb.archive.org
Oxfordselfiebbc.co.uk
2012American Dialect Societyhashtagamericandialect.org
Dictionary.comblusterdictionary.com
Merriam-Webstersocialismweb.archive.org
Merriam-Webstercapitalismweb.archive.org
Oxford (UK)omnishamblesbbc.co.uk
Oxford (US)GIFweb.archive.org
2011American Dialect Societyoccupyamericandialect.org
Dictionary.comtergiversatedictionary.com
Merriam-Websterpragmaticweb.archive.org
Oxfordsqueezed middleweb.archive.org
2010American Dialect Societyappamericandialect.org
Dictionary.comchangedictionary.com
Merriam-Websterausterityweb.archive.org
Oxford (UK)big societyweb.archive.org
Oxford (US)refudiateweb.archive.org
2009American Dialect Societytweetamericandialect.org
Merriam-Websteradmonishweb.archive.org
Oxford (UK)simplestheguardian.com
Oxford (US)unfriendtheguardian.com
2008American Dialect Societybailoutamericandialect.org
Merriam-Websterbailoutarchive.boston.com
Oxford (UK)credit crunchcorp.oup.com
Oxford (US)hypermilingweb.archive.org
2007American Dialect Societysubprimeamericandialect.org
Merriam-Websterw00tweb.archive.org
Oxford (UK)carbon footprintcorp.oup.com
Oxford (US)locavoreweb.archive.org
2006American Dialect Societyplutoedamericandialect.org
Merriam-Webstertruthinessweb.archive.org
Oxford (UK)bovveredtheguardian.com
Oxford (US)carbon-neutraltheguardian.com
2005American Dialect Societytruthinessamericandialect.org
Merriam-Websterintegrityweb.archive.org
Oxford (UK)sudokuweb.archive.org
Oxford (US)podcastcorp.oup.com
2004American Dialect Societyred state, blue state, purple stateamericandialect.org
Merriam-Websterblogweb.archive.org
Oxfordchavbbc.co.uk

The words with full entries

  1. 67

    67, said "six seven" and never "sixty-seven", is Gen Alpha slang with no fixed meaning.

    Text & Internet Slang

  2. AI Slop

    Low-quality, low-effort generative-AI content — competent on the surface, cheap to make, produced in bulk, and pushed at people who never asked for it.

    Internet & Digital Culture

  3. Allyship

    Allyship is the status or role of someone who advocates and actively works for the inclusion of a marginalised group without being a member of it, in solidarity with its struggle and point of view.

    Head Words

  4. Artificial Intelligence

    Machines doing things that would count as intelligence if a person did them — and the branch of computer science that builds them.

    Head Words

  5. Authentic

    Authentic means real rather than fake: not false or an imitation.

    Head Words

  6. Brainrot

    Low-quality, hyper-stimulating online content — and the mental dulling blamed on consuming too much of it.

    Internet & Digital Culture

  7. Brat

    In its 2024 sense, brat describes someone with a confident, independent and hedonistic attitude: messy, a bit rebellious, and enjoying it.

    Aesthetics & Cultural Movements

  8. Demure

    Demure traditionally means reserved, quiet and modest.

    Text & Internet Slang

  9. Enshittification

    A platform decaying into something worse for everyone on it.

    Internet & Digital Culture

  10. Fake News

    Fake news is false, often sensational, information spread under the guise of news reporting.

    Internet & Digital Culture

  11. Gaslighting

    Gaslighting is psychological manipulation, usually over a long period, that leads someone to doubt their own memory, perception or judgement — and, in a newer and looser sense, any act of grossly…

    Psychology & Relationship Dynamics

  12. Goblin Mode

    Behaving in a deliberately slovenly, self-indulgent, unapologetic way that rejects social expectations — especially the curated ones.

    Internet & Digital Culture

  13. Hallucinate

    When an AI system hallucinates, it produces false information and presents it as fact: a made-up quotation, a citation to a paper that doesn't exist, a wrong date stated confidently.

    Tech & AI

  14. Laughing-Crying Emoji (Face with Tears of Joy)

    😂 (official name: Face with Tears of Joy) is a grinning face crying with laughter.

    Internet & Digital Culture

  15. Manifest

    To manifest, in its newest sense, is to use techniques such as visualisation and affirmations to imagine getting something you want, in the belief that this makes it more likely to happen.

    Spirituality & Mysticism

  16. Misinformation

    Misinformation is false information that is spread, whether or not anyone means to mislead.

    Internet & Digital Culture

  17. NFT

    An NFT, short for non-fungible token, is a unique digital record on a blockchain used to record ownership of an asset such as a digital artwork or collectible.

    Tech & AI

  18. Parasocial Relationship

    A parasocial relationship is a one-sided bond with someone who doesn't know you exist — a celebrity, streamer, influencer, or fictional character you feel you *know*, even though the connection…

    Internet & Digital Culture

  19. Permacrisis

    A permacrisis is an extended period of instability and insecurity: one crisis rolling into the next, so that emergency starts to feel normal.

    Head Words

  20. Perseverance

    Perseverance is continued effort to do or achieve something, even when it is difficult or takes a long time.

    Head Words

  21. Polarization

    Polarization is division into two sharply distinct opposites.

    Head Words

  22. Post-truth

    Post-truth describes circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.

    Logical Fallacies & Rhetoric

  23. Rage Bait

    Content built to provoke anger rather than interest, because outrage produces more comments, shares and revenue than agreement does.

    Internet & Digital Culture

  24. Rizz

    Rizz is slang for romantic charm or charisma — the ability to attract or flirt with someone.

    Text & Internet Slang

  25. Selfie

    A selfie is a photograph you take of yourself, typically with a smartphone or webcam, and often share on social media.

    Internet & Digital Culture

  26. Singular They

    Singular they is the use of they, them and their for one person.

    Grammar & Commonly-Confused

  27. Vibe Coding

    Vibe coding is making software by describing what you want to an AI model in everyday language and letting it write the code.

    Tech & AI

Sources for this introduction

  1. Oxford Word of the Year (Oxford University Press)
  2. Dictionary.com Word of the Year
  3. Merriam-Webster Word of the Year
  4. Collins Word of the Year

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