The ceiling stops the promotion. The cliff grants it on doomed terms. The cliff is the crueller mechanism precisely because it looks like a win — and because failure then gets recorded against the person rather than the position.
Side by side
Aspect
Glass cliff
Glass ceiling
You get the job
Yes
No
Visible as discrimination
Barely
Somewhat
Blame lands on
The appointee
Nobody
Named
2005
1978
What each one means
Glass Cliff
The pattern where women and minority leaders are disproportionately appointed to precarious roles — either because the unit is already in trouble, or because they are not given the backing needed to succeed in it — so the fall, not just the climb, is built into the promotion.
An unacknowledged barrier that stops someone rising past a certain level, however qualified — originally and still mainly about women, and extended to other groups held back the same way. Invisible because nobody writes it down.