Very probably, though always in reported speech. Newspapers and magazines quoted Edison from 1898 with two ratios, 2 to 98 and 1 to 99, and in 1932 Harper's Magazine quoted him saying: “You may have heard people repeat what I have said, ‘Genius is one per cent inspiration, ninety-nine per cent perspiration.’” The contrast between inspiration and perspiration was already a saying before he put numbers on it.
What it means
Great work is mostly effort, not flashes of brilliance. The idea arrives in a moment; the rest is long, sweaty labour, and that is the part most people never see.
Where it comes from
Quote Investigator finds the pairing in circulation before Edison: in 1892 a Massachusetts paper noted that “genius is perspiration more than inspiration” was a common saying, and the lecturer Kate Sanborn was defining genius as “inspiration, talent and perspiration”. In April 1898 The Ladies' Home Journal reported Edison saying “Two per cent. is genius and ninety-eight per cent. is hard work”, and “Genius is not inspired. Inspiration is perspiration.”
The 1-and-99 version appears, credited to Edison, in an Idaho newspaper in 1901, while the 2-and-98 version was still printed (Scientific American, 1902). A 1910 biography gave the modern form, and in 1932 Martin André Rosanoff, who had worked in Edison's laboratory, quoted Edison claiming it. Because every early version is reported rather than written by Edison, it is labelled attributed here; Quote Investigator thinks it reasonable to credit him.